【收益優化】2022年1月基金評論

市場現況:

因投資者對通膨的上升和2022年可能升息的擔憂,拖累風險資產表現。

除部分金融類股外,股票和大多數固定收益市場在本月均下跌。由於投資者認為2022年將出現一輪激進的升息,尤其是美國聯準會對升息的立場,資產價格受到打擊。

由於通膨被視為將對固定收益資產產生負面影響,因此大多數債券市場表現不佳。在主要的政府公債中,英國公債報酬率為-3.8%,美國公債報酬率為-1.9%,德國公債報酬率為-1.1%。由於英國、美國和歐洲市場的月度虧損,公司債券今年年初的表現與2021年結束時一樣不好。公司債券的損失平均分佈在各個評級的債券當中,反映出投資者對任何類型的信用風險的偏好下降。

相比之下,油價及美元在1月份確實取得了可觀的收益。對俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間緊張局勢升級的擔憂支撐了油價,而立場被視為鷹派的聯準會則提振了美元的表現。

受利差擴大和政府公債殖利率上升的推動,1月份基金績效為負值。該基金的長天期部位和信用風險的曝險均下降。然而,持有約5%的價值股提振了績效。相對表現受到我們減持長天期債券的推動,並且靈活地調整投組配置,透過增持相對於公司債價值較高的股票時也提振了本基金的績效。

投組調整:

鑑於目前圍繞通膨和利率的市場活動,我們將大部分注意力集中在存續期間。我們仍保持短存續期間(2.4年),並認為市場低估了央行在經濟開始放緩之前必須升息的幅度。本月,雖然我們保持整體存續期間不變,但我們將部分存續期間從歐元資產轉移到美元資產,尤其是在短天期債券部位,因為市場開始預計聯準會將對貨幣政策採取更加激進的態度,而預計歐洲升息次數相對較少。

在公司債券中,我們普遍傾向於出售公司債券,同時看好金融類股。我們認為後者更適合利率上升的環境,並且相對不受資產購買計劃結束的影響。

我們在政府債券中的交易側重於減少對長天期外圍債券的曝險。我們還賣出了日本的通膨連結債券的曝險部位,因為它們與去年其他通膨連結債券市場相比表現異常出色。目前我們沒有購買與通膨連結的政府債券,這對我們來說是一種未涵蓋在基準指數內的投資,所以我們只有在我們相信他們真的很有吸引力時才會進行佈局。

在高收益資產中,我們維持在20%左右的曝險。我們認為,這些風險較高的債券應該會得到強勁的經濟和低違約率的支持。

最後,我們的股票曝險在幾個月內一直穩定在4-5%,仍然集中在帳面淨值比較低的股票和週期性股票上。

展望未來,我們對經濟保持積極態度,並認為公司債在低違約與高經濟成長情況下將得到良好支持。

然而,隨著各國央行開始取消刺激措施且通膨繼續保持在目標之上,我們預計報酬將出現更大的分散,這反過來對活躍的投資者有利。

 
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