【亞洲債券】2022年1月基金評論

市場總覽:

全球債券市場在1月份呈現動盪,受到加速收緊貨幣政策預期上升的影響而導致全球利率走高。而風險性資產在預期市場條件收緊的環境下遭到拋售。在此總經背景下,摩根大通亞洲公司債指數1月下跌2.2%。

本月,聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)12月會議紀要顯示,央行可能比之前預期的更快開始升息,且往後政策收緊將加速。而上個月的會議確認了鷹派政策的立場,當時聯準會主席杰羅姆鮑威爾表示升息會在3月開始,並可能在未來每次會議上進行。聯準會還提到升息後將著手縮減龐大的資產負債表。在此背景下,隨著市場對聯準會升息已完全定價,然而對長期成長潛能的疑慮限制了長期收益率上升。整體而言,11月兩年期美國公債殖利率上升45個基點至1.18%;十年期公債殖利率上升27個基點至1.78%。

亞洲美元債市受美國公債殖利率上升影響,而市場情緒的降溫也使信用利差擴大。投資級主權債則因為長存續期間的特性而受到美國利率上升的衝擊,而利差擴大也導致它們在本月表現不佳。總體而言,高收益公司債表現也落後於指數,持續受到市場對中國房地產高收債的擔憂拖累績效。相較之下,亞洲金融和基礎建設的表現總體上更加平穩。

中國房地產板塊繼續受個人財務困境的頭條新聞拖累房地產開發商,反映出儘管政策放鬆的跡象增多,該產業的流動性壓力仍然較高。本月有消息稱,中國當局預計開放房地產企業對於預售屋託管帳戶中的款項使用,預期將舒緩房企的流動性壓力。

除了房地產業外,過去幾週其他政策的發布也反映中國正積極推動經濟成長。 國務院1月提出「十四五」計劃做為2021-25年中國基礎建設發展的指導方針。為此於2021和2022年發行規模1.2兆與1.46兆的特別債券。此外,中國央行宣布調降基準利率(7天附買回利率和1年期中期借貸利率),為自2020年4月以來首次調降。而隨後中國各商業銀行分別將一年期和五年期貸款市場報價利率(LPR)降低10個基點與5個基點。其中五年期貸款市場報價利率普遍被視為測量當局政策走勢的數據。

在其他地方,儘管疫情的影響仍未散去,但亞洲經濟體的經濟成長在第四季度普遍成長。儘管中國的GDP年增率在去年第四季放緩至4.0%,但全年成長仍達到8.1%,遠高於政府6%的目標。而韓國則連續六個月呈現經濟成長,季增率達1.1%(經季節性調整),使該國全年GDP成長率達到4.0%,為2010年以來最高。台灣經濟成長率於去年第4季年增4.9%,主因為淨出口額的改善。

基金總覽:

本月鑑於中國高收益房地產產業持續表現不佳,本基金對該產業的增持持續拖累本基金的表現。而由於個別房企表現波動,產業內選債的表現也好壞參半,例如,基金減持世茂集團債券貢獻正報酬,因有消息稱世茂未能償還其應付利息款項。然而,本基金增持特定B評級房地產標的是本月的主要虧損因素。除房地產業外,本基金減持菲律賓主權債和印尼準主權債皆推升基金績效。

未來展望:

隨著我們進入新的一年,因為對市場的擔憂揮之不去使市場波動可能在短期內持續存在。主因為央行逐漸退出寬鬆政策及中國對各行業監管打壓對亞洲債券市場構成壓力。然而,儘管存在這些不利因素,我們認為仍有亞洲美元債市的一些支撐因素有望緩解來年的下行風險。

原因包含市場對聯準會貨幣政策正常化步伐加快似乎已充分定價。而美國成長趨勢放緩,以及隨著與COVID相關的供應鏈瓶頸的緩解,通膨和勞動市場壓力可能達到頂峰,也可能進一步限制利率。

此外,所有貨幣政策緊縮週期都會影響市場運行。例如,在2003-2006年和2009-2010年美國利率上升期間,亞洲經濟體普遍受益於美國高成長率而不受利率上升的影響。參考經濟指標如經常帳餘額、外匯儲備和與美國的實質利率差異,皆顯示亞洲地區總體經濟的穩定性應能維持亞洲國家的經濟表現。更穩固的國內外總體經濟背景也能為亞洲企業提供更具展望的環境,從而支撐債市基本面。

儘管亞洲的 Omicron 病毒染疫者增加,然而其製造業仍持續走強。從亞洲國家的PMI數據中,可見企業已經適應了病毒爆發和供應鏈中斷,支持我們預期Omicron的影響將維持可控的看法。中國近期的寬鬆政策也降低了其成長風險以及其他亞洲經濟體的風險。中國除北京將經濟成長的目標訂為「5%以上」以外,大部分省政府已將2022年的成長目標設定在5.5%以上。顯示今年全國成長目標很可能在3月全國人大會議時調升至5%以上,這意味著額外的貨幣政策支持以提振經濟活動。

在此背景下,我們認為投資者對亞洲美元債券的需求可能會持續得到支撐,尤其是殖利率相對於成熟市場,亞洲的成長動能仍然具有吸引力。

 
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