發掘中國醫學美容業的投資機會

中國有望在2021年成為全球最大醫學美容服務市場。隨著串流直播經濟蓬勃發展,令人們更渴求擁有吸引的外表,年輕消費者對美容治醫療的接受程度日益提高,消費週期亦因而延長。這個現象可望在行業的獨特生態系統中(包括填充物製造商、網際網路平台、消費信貸應用程式和美容服務供應商)創造吸引的投資機會。

中國已成為全球增長最快的醫學美容服務市場之一,2017年市場規模排名第二,有望在2021年成為全球最大市場。據Frost & Sullivan的資料顯示,2018年中國醫學美容服務業的總收益達到177億美元,自2014年以來的複合平均增長率為23.6%。預計到了2023年,收益將達到524億美元。

醫學美容服務是專門改善容貌的非緊急療程,可以分為外科和非外科療法。外科醫學美容服務通常稱為整形外科,而非外科醫學美容服務包括注射療程(例如肉毒桿菌毒素1(Botox)和玻尿酸2(HA)注射)、雷射以及其他以能量導入皮膚的療法(例如Thermage)。

美容愛好者與日俱增

在美國等已發展國家,抗衰老治療較受歡迎,相反,中國的大部份美容需求來自年輕消費者,因為中國社交媒體日益普及,串流直播經濟蓬勃發展,令人們更渴求擁有年輕和吸引的外表。當消費者在年輕時已接觸醫學美容治療,便會更容易養成根深蒂固的習慣,有可能形成更長的消費週期和持續的需求。

中國民眾的可動用收入增加,亦有助提高相關服務的滲透率。中國人均可動用收入從2014年的2,933美元增至2018年的4,106美元,複合平均增長率為8.8%3。預計2018年至2023年的複合平均增長率將保持在7.7%。另一方面,2017年中國每1,000人中約有12人曾接受醫學美容治療,比例低於南韓(80.4)、美國(50.1)、巴西(43.6)和日本(27.0)。中國醫學美容治療的滲透率顯著較低,突顯其增長潛力龐大,尤其是在二三線城市。

非外科療程提振需求

儘管美容外科療程目前佔中國醫學美容服務市場較大比重,但隨著非美容外科療法的種類增加,預計相關療程所佔比重將加速增長(見圖1)。此外,人們認為非美容外科療程的風險較低,而且康復時間較短,也有助推動相關需求。

圖1:中國醫學美容服務市場成長中國醫學美容服務市場成長

目前,中國大部份非外科療程以Botox和玻尿酸注射為主。1998年,山東省醫藥工業研究所的研究人員開始透過發酵流程在中國本土生產玻尿酸皮下填充物。現時中國已有多家本土玻尿酸皮下填充物製造商在山東成立和設立總部,部份在近年更透過中國股票市場上市集資。目前,中國玻尿酸皮下填充物市場由LG(南韓)、Allergan(美國)、Humedix(南韓)和Q-Med(瑞士)等國外品牌主導,而三大本土品牌分別是昊海、愛美客和華熙。

據Frost & Sullivan的資料顯示,中國本土美容注射劑品牌增長迅速,2014年至2018年的複合平均增長率為+32%,高於進口品牌的+19%。綜觀中國國家藥品監督管理局(國家藥監局)認可的15家注射用玻尿酸製造商(八家本土品牌、七家進口品牌),三大本土品牌按2018年銷量計佔42.4%市場份額,但按銷售收益計則僅佔23.4%市場份額。我們認為,優質本土企業可以透過擴展產品種類、提高素質和定價,從進口品牌中取得更多市場占比。

圖2:中國玻尿酸填充物市場分佈(2020估算)中國玻尿酸填充物市場分佈

目前,中國Botox市場規模小於玻尿酸市場,與其他國家常見的情況相反。這是由於中國審批流程漫長,Botox產品的審批時間可能長達八年。現時中國僅有兩款Botox產品獲批,分別是Hengli和Allergan,市場規模達到30億元人民幣。2020年10月,由南韓生物醫藥公司Hugel生產的一款Botox產品獲准在中國銷售,是南韓首款獲得國家藥監局批准的Botox產品。我們認為,中國Botox市場的規模有潛力在不久將來增至100億元人民幣。另一方面,由於多種進口和本土產品仍處於審批階段,因此這個領域尚未出現本土龍頭企業。

美容生態系統的投資機會

隨著企業更著重吸納客戶、宣傳、提升服務素質、提高品牌知名度和加強安全紀錄,越來越多中國消費者將醫學美容療程視為傳統非醫學保健療程的自然延伸和升級。

投資者可以透過多種途徑來投資於持續增長的中國醫學美容市場。若本土玻尿酸注射劑製造商能提供更有效的療法,以滿足日益分散的市場需求,它們或可提供吸引的投資機會。事實上,玻尿酸製造商已經能夠生產具有定型、填充或提升效果的差異化產品。舉例來說,交聯玻尿酸的效用較持久和質感較硬。儘管現有企業或具有先行優勢,但後來者仍可透過產品創新來搶佔市場比例。撰寫本文時,中國近期引入聚左旋乳酸類填充產品4和乳化劑類脂肪溶解注射劑。鑑於市場動態瞬息萬變,投資者需要緊貼市場發展。除了即將推出的產品令人期待之外,消費者教育亦十分重要。因此,若製造商願意投資於建立經驗豐富的銷售團隊,將能夠促進與醫療機構和醫療團體等關鍵網路的互動合作,進而提升競爭優勢。

資訊不對稱和大量美容服務供應商湧現,使提供客戶評論和專業資訊的網際網路平台發揮重要作用。此外,旨在協助消費者支付醫學美容治療費用的消費信貸應用程式亦應運而生。假以時日,隨著中國美容服務供應商逐步整合,亦可創造吸引的下游投資機會。

這是瀚亞投資2021年亞洲專家系列六篇文章的第二篇。在這個聚焦中國的新系列中,我們的投資團隊探討和分析中國推行「十四五規劃」所面對的機遇和挑戰。

Sources:
1 Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. It is used to reverse the effects of aging.
2 Hyaluronic Acid is a substance that is naturally present in the human body and believed to help reduce facial wrinkles.
3 Frost & Sullivan.
4 Poly-L-lactic acid is an absorbable- semi-permanent injectable implant that can be used to restore volume and stimulate collagen formation.
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