摘要
- 2025年亞洲債券表現優於已開發市場債券,主要受惠於降息、無風險利率下滑、信用利差收斂及美元走弱等因素。
- 展望2026年,亞洲經濟前景仍然正向,通膨溫和、貨幣環境寬鬆,經濟成長展望具韌性。
- 結構性趨勢—包括退休基金制度擴張、中產階級財富提升,以及亞洲在全球基礎建設中的角色提高—將持續支撐區域債券市場的長期穩定性。
2026年伊始,委內瑞拉總統遭撤換,美國司法部對聯準會主席鮑爾展開刑事調查。雖然市場在撰文時仍相對平靜 ,但鑑於美股在2025年升勢凌厲,投資人需在2026年重新審視及再平衡投資組合,並進行分散配置。亞洲債券有望為投資人帶來收益、穩定性及分散投資優勢。
由於央行降息、無風險利率下降、信用利差收窄及美元貶值,亞洲債券在2025年表現領先已開發市場債券 ,這一現象或使部分投資人感意外。與此同時,對通膨高居不下、持續財赤及政府債務不斷上升的憂慮,導致多支已開發市場債券及貨幣表現受壓。
圖1:亞洲債券表現領先已開發市場債券

資料來源:彭博,以美元計值。瀚亞投資,截至2025年12月29日。請注意,使用該等指數作為各資產類別/行業過往表現的代表具有限制。以上圖表僅供參考用途,並不是有關市場的未來表現或可能取得之表現的指標。
2026年展望樂觀
2026年,受財政及貨幣刺激措施推動,預計亞洲經濟增長速度將超越已開發經濟體。 綜觀亞洲,台灣以外的所有國家/地區的通膨均低於央行目標及歷史平均水平,而大部分國家/地區的實際政策利率均高於歷史平均水平。這一組合為大部分亞洲央行在2026年維持利率穩定提供空間,再配合相對吸引的持有收益,料將利好新一年的總報酬。
圖2:亞洲通膨仍然溫和

資料來源:瀚亞投資,截至2025年9月底。本文所載資料可由投資經理酌情更改,恕不另行通知。過往表現未必是未來或預期表現的指標。任何預估或預測不一定是未來表現或可能取得之表現的指標。
圖3:亞洲實際政策利率高於歷史水平

資料來源:瀚亞投資,截至2025年9月30日。2015年9月至2025年9月的10年利率區間。本文所載資料可由投資經理酌情更改,恕不另行通知。過往表現未必是未來或預期表現的指標。
另一方面,預計全球人工智慧基建發展將推動亞洲經濟增長,並帶動亞洲出口半導體、發電設備、電池,以及建設數據中心。亞洲經濟在2026年強韌增長,料將促進亞洲信貸市場,為投資人提供吸引收益及潛在資本增值。此外,儘管亞洲美元債券總發行量正在增加,但仍低於新冠疫情前的高位。債券供應在需求穩健之際收緊,進一步鞏固亞洲債券在2026年的理想前景。
圖4:2026年亞洲美元債券淨供應將仍然有限

資料來源︰摩根大通報告,截至2025年12月。使用指數作為任何資產類別/行業過去表現的替代指標具有限制,不應被視為將來或可能實現的表現之指標。
鑑於債券殖利率已在2025年回落,我們認為,當殖利率在新一年急升時,將帶來延長債券存續期的機會。我們亦尋求交叉貨幣基差的投資機會(即買入非美元債券,並將計價貨幣其對沖至美元,以配合美元投資組合)。此策略能夠提高收益、增加投資組合多樣性及降低波動的機會。
亞洲信用利差在2025年期間收窄,導致亞洲、美國及歐洲可比較債券之間的息差相若,意味著亞洲債券既提供類近殖利率,亦有助投資人進行全球分散配置。話雖如此,市場對聯準會在2026年進一步放寬貨幣政策的預期不斷轉變,可會引發利差波動,為主動型投資人帶來投資機會。
亞洲貨幣在2025年上半年兌美元走強,隨後在下半年整固,有望為個別亞洲貨幣在2026年再次升值奠定基礎,從而利好亞洲當地貨幣債券報酬。雖然我們預計,隨著聯準會進一步降息及美元套利優勢減弱,美元將在2026年走弱,但其實際發生時間可能因對貨幣政策、通膨及全球風險偏好的預期不斷轉變而受到影響。因此,採用結合動態外匯管理的主動型債券策略對於增加超額報酬應更為奏效。
雖然潛在降息、基本因素改善及美元貶值均利好亞洲債券,但投資人亦面臨潛在挑戰。我們預計2026年貿易談判完成後仍會保留部分關稅,導致供應鏈及貿易流向發生轉變,從而為各個經濟體及公司的應對方式帶來變數。在此環境下,主動型信貸挑選更顯關鍵。
結構性趨勢發揮穩定作用
長遠而言,我們預計結構性趨勢將增強亞洲債券市場的穩定性。亞洲的退休金制度快速擴張,構成全球最重要的長期國內債券需求來源之一。亞洲中產階級財富急遽增長亦擴大國內投資人基礎,增強了當地貨幣債券市場的深度與韌性。亞洲作為全球基建樞紐的地位亦促使各發行人定期發行優質主權及半主權債券,確保可投資債券的供應穩定。
令人鼓舞的是,新興亞洲基本因素的改善已獲市場關注。國際貨幣基金組織最新公佈的《世界經濟展望》報告 指出,自全球金融危機以來,新興市場對全球避險事件的防禦力有所提高,貨幣政策的公信力增加,管理亦更為完善,而更健全的財政框架亦有助穩定經濟增長,同時控制債務。
亞洲債券提供了獨特機會,有助投資人尋求收益、穩定性,以及有別於傳統美國或全球債券持倉的分散配置。受惠於更理想的增長前景、有利的貨幣環境,以及結構性需求動力,亞洲債券市場料將在2026年及其後實現可觀總報酬。對於有意分散配置及提高投資組合報酬,同時希望涉獵全球最具活力地區的投資人而言,亞洲債券是吸引的投資選項。
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