【投資戰情室】信用債、新興債最新觀察

俄羅斯2/24宣布開戰烏克蘭,這是二戰以來在歐洲最大規模的軍事行動。隨著戰事進入白熱化,歐美國家紛紛對俄羅斯祭出制裁,市場恐慌情緒仍續升溫,資金轉趨避險或轉進非戰爭中心。瀚亞投資環球資產暨固定收益部提出最新觀察:

信用債:聚焦基本面度過市場震盪

● 目前整體企業資產負債表的流動性佳及基本面穩定。雖然能源供給影響生產可能給歐洲經濟成長帶來風險。

● 俄烏衝突進一步加劇了商品市場的供應限制,能源和金屬與礦業將受到地緣政治風險上升的推動,尤其是石油。地緣政治風險使得庫存更加吃緊,有利於能源公司的現金流及持續改善資產負債表。金屬與礦業亦將受支撐。

● 地緣政治風險雖影響市場風險情緒,但對產業面來說,包括供應鏈中斷對汽車業及科技業的影響仍是可控,且業界的併購及信評升級將持續支撐信用債市場。

● 近期公布財報的零售/消費、醫療保健、電信/媒體/有線電視等表現佳,預期未來仍有表現。

新興市場債:俄烏債違約風險尚可控,高殖利率主權債和部分當地貨幣債相對有表現

● 俄羅斯政府資產負債表的實力佳。該國的主權和外匯儲備超過了所有主權、企業和銀行債務的未償還總額。隨著油價上漲,俄羅斯仍有預算盈餘,因此短期內外債違約風險低。

● 在對俄羅斯的制裁方面,自3月1日起發行的債券被限制在次級市場交易且限制部分俄羅斯銀行使用SWIFT的情形下,俄羅斯可能被移除於 GBI-EM Global Diversified index(俄羅斯占7%)。重新分配權重對泰國、馬來西亞、南非、巴西、波蘭和墨西哥的權重應該會增加0.6-0.8%。

● 至於烏克蘭,若俄羅斯繼續全面入侵該國,極端狀況下可能出現違約。事實上,雖然烏克蘭債券的交易價格已經接近2015年上次危機後最終重組的水平,不過目前基本面要強得多,尤其是債務水平較低且外匯準備也增加。該國近年來政策亦相對穩健,包括自2019年大選以來國內政治不確定性較低,以及其相對健康的基本面(它是少數幾個在中期獲得評級上調的新興市場主權國家之一)。烏克蘭最近還確保了其現有IMF融資計劃的延續以及來自歐盟的額外融資,均將為未來提供融資緩衝。

● 其他新興市場債,考量經濟成長前景改善及許多新興市場央行已在聯準會之前先發制人升息,目前看好高殖利率主權債和部分當地貨幣市場債。

 
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