摘要

 
  • 亞洲匯聚大量高股息公司,企業文化日益著重股東報酬,加上債券綜合收益率可觀,對尋求收益的投資人而言相當吸引。
  • 由股票期權承銷以至捕捉跨貨幣債券投資機會,主動型基金經理能採取各種創新策略來提高收益。
  • 在把握提高收益的戰術性機會時,風險管理尤其關鍵。終端投資人需要了解收益來源,不應僅著眼於表面收益率的高低。

    許多投資人力求透過投資獲取收益,但收益來源以及其產生方式是否值得關注?

    我們認為,亞洲具備獨有特點,有望為投資人提供優質可持續收益。與全球其他地區相比,亞太區(日本除外)股息率超過3%的公司數量最多(超過400間),反映了其著重股東報酬的強大管理文化。亞洲高股息公司遍布穩定行業及高成長行業,有望為投資人同時實現收益與成長。與此同時,亞洲市場中,由政府主導、旨在改善公司管治及提高股東報酬的舉措持續增加,而亞洲債券市場則繼續為投資人提供吸引的綜合收益率。印尼及印度等亞洲高收益債券市場的國內投資人參與度結構性上升,亦有助降低市場波動。

    圖1:亞洲企業的現金流指標表現領先

    資料來源:彭博、瀚亞投資,截至2024年12月31日。使用指數作為任何資產類別/行業過往表現的代表具有限制。過往表現未必是未來或預期表現的指標。 

    亞洲經濟體亦受到多元化且不斷發展的成長引擎所支持。整個亞洲區的盈利預測修訂持續改善,印度的國內消費似乎亦見復甦。與此同時,台灣、韓國及中國憑藉其在先進科技領域的領先地位而受惠,而東盟的前景則受到其製造業實力及科技相關行業的成長支持。

    隨著主動型基金經理發揮亞洲的收益優勢,各種有助提高收益的創新策略亦在市場出現,惟在採用相關策略時,投資人不應忽視風險。

    問:面對當前的市場環境,你採取了什麼策略來提高收益?

    瀚亞投資股票收益主管 Christina Woon:我們的策略結合了長期持倉配置與精選戰術性投資機會。策略的核心是長期持有能產生收益的股票,並著重企業品質、資產負債表實力及現金流可持續性等基本因素。我們亦在核心配置之上加入戰術性策略,包括捕捉股息機會,即在除息日前後配置股票,並在市場尚未充分定價時,選擇性地於大型特別股息公布前提早部署。我們也運用掩護性買權,就現有持倉賣出單一股票期權,以產生額外收益。

    瀚亞投資亞洲固定收益投資組合經理 Rong Ren Goh我們重點透過可重複且不相關的策略來提高收益。其中一個策略是期權承銷,即賣出短期價外外匯期權,以捕捉特定外匯貨幣對中隱含波幅與實際波幅之間的差距。亞洲貨幣體系的波幅往往受到管理,我們的目標是捕捉波幅溢價,同時避免顯著承擔方向性外匯風險。

    我們亦力求把握跨貨幣基差機會。當資金出現錯配時,在美元與當地貨幣之間進行掉期操作可獲取額外套利。話雖如此,我們僅會在額外收益顯著高於流動性及交易成本時進行相關操作。

    問:在力求提高收益的同時,你如何看待風險管理?

    瀚亞投資股票收益主管 Christina Woon風險管理至關重要,在結合長期配置與戰術性策略時更為關鍵。我們高度專注於持倉的潛在催化因素,而當策略的期限較短或偏向戰術性時,這一做法更顯重要。例如,使用掩護性買權的時機相當關鍵。倘若在業績公佈等已知事件前賣出期權,可能會產生意外結果——期權變為價內期權,原先賺取的溢價被附帶的成本抵銷。

    相較之下,捕捉股息及針對特別股息進行配置的策略往往更加契合投資團隊的核心基本因素分析技能。雖然相關策略一般較少承擔期權相關風險,但我們仍會密切關注可能引發投資組合大幅下跌的潛在催化因素。

    瀚亞投資亞洲固定收益投資組合經理 Rong Ren Goh:我同意Christina的觀點——風險管理是管理投資組合時的首要考慮因素。進行期權承銷時,我們會維持較短期限,以限制缺口風險及gamma風險,同時嚴格運用價外行使價,並就delta及名義金額設定上限,從而確保任何潛在虧損受到限制。我們亦避免在重大總體事件發生前後交易,並定期進行壓力測試,以驗證投資組合的抗跌力。

    跨貨幣基差交易方面,我們僅會在貨幣波幅由技術性資金流驅動時把握相關機會。我們偏好流動性高的中短期交易,並相應地調整持倉規模,以避免投資組合過度波動。預設明確的退出觸發條件亦十分重要。此外,與流動資金需求保持一致亦有助確保基差套利策略旨在獲取額外收益,不屬於方向性部署。 

    問:收益有沒有「好」與「壞」之分?

    瀚亞投資股票收益主管 Christina Woon:我認為並不存在「好」收益與「壞」收益,只有缺乏充分理解的收益。假如投資人買入一隻高息股作長線投資,卻未能辨別出其高股息僅屬一次性,而股票亦在來季暴跌,則反映了其對該股票的理解錯誤,雖然能夠在短期內產生收益,但卻承擔過高資本風險。相反,假如投資人發現同一檔股票的高股息源於特殊情況,從而採取戰術性部署以把握短期機會,並相應地調整持倉規模,便能夠在更有效管理資本風險的同時產生收益。 

    瀚亞投資亞洲固定收益投資組合經理 Rong Ren Goh我認為「好」收益往往具透明度,並通常來自市場已充分理解的結構性溢價,例如波幅溢價或基差溢價。相關收益通常透過基本型(plain-vanilla)工具產生,所承擔風險的定義清晰,尾端風險有限。「好」收益亦應具備可重複性及可擴展性。

    相較之下,「壞」收益表面上往往具吸引力,但卻面臨嚴重的尾端風險及過度槓桿,或具有依賴路徑且不透明的結構。「壞」收益往往附帶流動性風險,導致相關交易在市場受壓期間難以退出,或完全建基於對單一總體經濟結果的正確判斷。 

    問:終端投資人在進行收益型投資時應考慮哪些因素?

    瀚亞投資股票收益主管 Christina Woon投資人需保持警覺及審慎判斷。倘若收益率不可持續,因表面收益率高而進行投資或會構成風險。投資時應選擇同時著重投資本金與收益的基金經理。 

    瀚亞投資亞洲固定收益投資組合經理 Rong Ren Goh投資人需了解額外收益來源,以及最壞情況下的潛在結果。對機構投資人而言,任何收益提升策略均應完全符合投資組合的風險預算與流動性狀況,尤其是在市場受壓時期。相關策略應有助提高整體投資組合的抗跌力,而不應引入新的脆弱性。

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